The monastery was established in 1650 on the riverside of Vorskla at the expense of commoners in memory of the first victories of hetman of the Zaporizhian Host Bohdan Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky over the Polacks near Zhovti Vody and Pyliavtsi in 1648 (nowadays the village Pyliava of Starosiniavsky District of Khmelnitsky Region). Participants of battles were the Kozacks of Poltava regiment. From then onwards the Poltava monastery becomes the southernmost one among the so-called urban, i.e. regimental monasteries of Hetmanate in ХVII century. In the course of the years of Soviet system the monastery was used by various organizations and was saved by a miracle. The monastic complex, which consists of: - Krestovozdvizhensky Cathedral, bell tower, Troitskaia Church and Semenovskaia Church,- is one of the most popular tourist and sightseeing sites of the city. On September 27, 1991 on a Holy Cross day there was performed the first Divine Liturgy in the monastery. On December 19 of the same year the monastery was entirely returned to the community of nuns.
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